Lab 2: Microscopy and the Metric System

Microscopy and the Metric form Marg argont E. Vorndam, M. S. Version 42-0090-00-01 Lab Report benefactor This document is non meant to be a substitute for a formal science lab report. The Lab Report Assistant is just now a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if demand, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The wrapped is to facilitate students writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which squeeze break be sent to an instructor. mould 1 Measuring Length, weightiness, loudness, and Temperature Try the next conversions for practice. 40,000 ng =0. 24mg =0. 00024g50 cm =500 mm =0. 5m bit 1. Length A measured linguistic rule is useful for measuring items of aloofness. The ruler downstairs measures in mm, indicated by the mild mm near 0. a. How many mm ar there in 1 cm? 10, in a meter (m)? super acid (Ruler is not to home plate. See ruler in dissection rig. ) b. Locate a measurable intention to us e for this exercise. If the object is long, obtain a yardstick that includes a cm ordered series they plenty be found in local hardware stores. c. demonstrate the length of the object below and do the conversions piss of object ID card . 5 cm=85mm=0. 085m Volume Always teem an penny-pinching volume of placid into a dissipated beaker and then from the beaker into the volumetric flask or graduated piston chamber. This will belittle taint of the parent semiliquid source. Dispose mighty of any leftover liquid. Do not pour it back into the original container. wherefore? This is so the original liquid does not lend contaminated. When utilize a pipet or dropper to measure liquid, pour an aliquot part into a refreshful beaker and then draw up the liquid from the beaker into the pipet. neer show to draw up chemicals by mouth.Why? Chemicals could go into your mouth, which is potentially dangerous and should neer be make no capic if they deemed safe or not. Weight empl oyment the pen scurf from the lab kit to measure out exactly deuce-ace grams of colewort. Make sure to tare the root word in front adding the sugar. Why must the smasher be tared before adding the sugar? This is done so the weight of the bag is not counted with the weight of the sugar. You must think active the weight of the bag when weighing out the three grams of sugar. How is the weight of the bag accounted for when the sugar is weighed?The bag is weighed first and then the 3 g of sugar is added on top of that weight so at the curio the weight is more(prenominal) than 3g total collectible to the bag. Temperature Practice converting the following with this conversion statute 45F = 7. 2 C 62F =16. 7 C 98. 6F =37C intent a Celsius thermometer to measure the C temperature of several varied aliquots of cold and cordially tap water. Make sure to permit the thermometer to re main until the temperature is stable and no prolonged changes. Record the temperatures Cold-15C W arm 29C Hot- 48C Questions A. What science laboratory equipment would be used to measure the following items? g flour Beaker and home 36 mL water Graduated cylinder The length of a frogs leg ruler 36 g water Beaker/balance 38? C thermometer Volume of a turtle* irrigate dis cropment 125? F thermometer Volume of blood line Graduated cylinder Weight of a plant Bag and scale Weight of blood Beaker and scale Temperature of a fishs tree trunk thermometer Temperature of blood thermometer *This answer may require rough creativity. How could it be done? B. Provide the computer science steps, including the conversion factor that would be inevitable to convert the following measurements, and the final answers.Use U. S. and liquid units where admit. 248 g = 248,000 mg 145,000 ? L = 145mL 536 mL = 536 cc 0. 372 kg = 372 g 0. 75 L = 750,000 ? L 20. 39 cm = . 2039 m 145,000? L*(10-6L /1? L)*( ascorbic acid0mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(railyardg/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm)=. 2039m 145,000? L*( 10-6L /1? L)*(1000mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(1000g/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm)=. 2039m 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10-6L)=750000 ? L 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10-6L)=750000 ? L C.Provide the numeration steps, including the conversion factor that would be needed to convert the following measurements, and the final answers. Use US and liquid units where appropriate. 3 cups= . 711 L7,893 mg = . 0174 lb 2. 25 oz= 66. 53 cc36? C= 96. 8 ? F 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 45,000 uL = 29. 42 tsp96? F= 35. 56 ? C D. What advantages does the metric clay take over over the English method acting of m easurement? What are the disadvantages? The metric body is advantageous because it has a base of ten, devising measurements easier to take, read, render, and convert. The prefixes are as well standard so they transfer amongst all measurements. Also, more countries use the metric system whereas essentially only the US uses the English method. The main disadvantage of the metric system is that Ameri fag ends have not grown up with these measurements so they are harder to picture and to a lower emergestand what distance, weight, and so on ach measurement is. For example, it is much easier for most Americans to understand the distance of a mile than to try and picture how long a kilometer is. E. enlist the steps necessary to accurately weigh 3. 5 g of starch. This depends on the scale used, but with the pen scale included in the labpaq, tare a bag or other container that can be used. Then add in the starch until the weight on the scale reads the weight of the container plus 3 . 5 g. F. Outline the steps necessary to accurately pipet 5 mL of distilled water. Pour an aliquot of distilled water into a clean beaker.Put a little more than 5mL of distilled water in a beaker. Pipet 5mL from the beaker, and check to mold if the bottom of the meniscus lines up with the 5mL line. Exercise 2 Microscopy The compound well-to-do microscope efficaciously magnifies in the go of 40x to 2000x. If an object under view is 10 nm in length without any elaboration, what will be its showing surface at 40x? 400nm at 2000x? 20 ? m What is the equivalent size at these magnifications, in inches? gift your calculations. 400nm*(1cm/107nm)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 1. 57*10-5 in. 20? m*(1cm/104? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 7. 87*10-4 in.The underwrite electron microscope (SEM) employs electron run to emblem very small specimens. negatron microscopes are used to pattern specimens that range from 1 nm to 100 m in size. What is the equivalent in inches? . Show your calculations. 1nm*(1cm/107nm )*(1in/2. 54cm)= 3. 94*10-8 in. 100 ? m*(1cm/104? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 0. 0039 in. bit 1. Parts of the Compound send Microscope push to a microscope as this section is read. stigmatize the microscope diagram that follows as the examination of the microscope proceeds. a. eye ingredient (ocular genus Lens) The magnification part is stamped on the distant of the genus Lens.What is the might of the eyepiece electron lens? Microscopes may have interchangeable visual lenses of different magnification. 15x b. Body Tube Holds the optical and object lenses at the correct focal distance. c. weapon Used to transport microscope and hold the body vacuum tube. d. Nosepiece The revolving device that holds the objective lenses. may also be referred to as the turret. e. aim Lenses Consists of one or more lenses i. The see queen objective lens is the shortest of the lenses. What is its force? 4x ii. The low-power objective is slightly thirster than the scanning objective. What is its power? 10x iii.The high-power objective is longer than the low-power objective. What is its power? 40x Label this microscope diagram with the appropriate part names and their functions Eye piece- lens that you look through and through Body tube- writing that leaves distance between lenses Course modification knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses butt lenses- flip ones wig objects Stage- holds skids Mirror- reflects light so you can see whats on the soarings Base- bottom of microscope allowing stability Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything Eye piece- lens that you look through Body tube- Piece that leaves distance between lensesCourse adjustment knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses Objective lenses- magnify objects Stage- holds slides Mirror- reflects light so you can see whats on the slides Base- bottom of microscope allowing stability Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything a b c d e f g h i Parts not included in microscope are Light source Source Sharma, Abhishake. Labeled Microscope Drawing. N. d. Buzzle. com. 2. focalization the Microscope If the microscope includes an vegetable cover immersion lens, commit a drop of immersion oil on the slide cover jiggery-pokery before rotating the lens into place.The function of the oil is to minimize light diffraction through the slide and reconcile area so that greater detail can be seen. After using the oil immersion lens, clean excess oil off of the lens and the slide with a lens cloth. Never tilt a microscope when using oil or if think a steadfast slide. Why? The liquid could come off of the slide and get into a place in the microscope that isnt good for it, and it will be mussy also. 3. Operating the Microscope a. Obtain a clean slide and cover slip from the slide box. holding the slide and cover slip separately on a reputation towel or other leisurely surface to reduce the possibility of pelf them. . With scissors, cut a earn e from an old magazine or newspaper. c. Place the letter in the center of the slide. d. embrace the instructions in Section 6 below to make a wet mount of the letter. e. Following the directions outlined in a higher place under Handling and Focusing the Microscope, place the prepared slide on the microscope stage. circulate the scanning lens in place and focus so that the letter is distinctly viewable. Make drawings of the letter in the boxes below as instructed. Side of the slide extreme away from student Look from the facial expression of the microscope, viewand then draw the letter here, as it appears onthe slide on the stage. e e Draw the letter here as it appears when believe it through the microscope. Side of the slide closest to student f. What is observed? Microscopes countermand the image on the slide. This means that the subject will appear to be clxxx rotated and reversed from the actual image viewed on the slide. g. While cover the letter through the lenses, apparent motion the slid e slightly. What do you observe about the movement of the letter and slide when viewed through the lenses? When I move the slide up, what Im viewing moves down. When I move the slide to the left, the image moves right. . Use the directions above to view the letter at the higher objective powers. On the drawing made above, circle the set of the letter that is viewable as successively higher power observations are made. What is your purpose about what happens when higher power objectives are used? Only a piece of the top part is viewable. Higher power objectives magnify the image more. 4. Total expansion Calculation Typically, the ocular lens of a microscope will be 10x, but it may be higher or lower. The power is preserve on the side of the lens. a.What is the ocular lens power of the microscope that you are using? It may be 10x or 15x. Record it in slacken 1. b. The objective lenses also have the magnification power recorded on their sides. What powers do the objective lenses o n the microscope have? Record them in control panel 1. c. Now, calculate the total magnification of the viewing area by multiplying the power of the ocular lens with that of the objective lens in use. For instance, if a microscope has a 10x magnification ocular lens and a 4x objective lens in place for viewing, the total magnification will be 40x (10x multiplied by 4x).What other view magnifications are possible with the microscope? Calculate the total magnification for separately set of lenses in send back 1. Table 1 Calculating Magnification Ocular Lens Magnification x Objective LensesMagnification = Total Magnification 15x 4x 60x 10x 150x 40x 600x 5. diameter of sports stadium a. With the low-power objective in viewing position, place a short transparent metric ruler on the stage. b. While viewing the ruler through the lenses, measure the low-power diameter of range of view in mm. transfer this measurement to ? m and record in Table 2. c.Switch to the other higher power objectives, noting the diameter, in mm, for each in Table 2. Convert measurements to ? m. How might this information be useful when viewing microscopic subjects? Micrometers are smaller, so it is useful for very small objects when mm would be a very small number that wouldnt be very understandable. Table 2 Diameter of a Viewing Field Magnification(ocular x objective lenspowers) mm diameterof theatre of view ? m diameter *of field of view Scanning Lens 60x 2mm 2000 ? m Low Power Lens 150x 1mm 1000 ? m High Power Lens 600x Cant tell,